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Close-up of a woman with a fine white mesh overlay representing antioxidant protection across one temple and cheek.

What Do Antioxidants Do in Skincare?

Close-up of a woman with a fine white mesh overlay representing antioxidant protection across one temple and cheek.
Skin Science

What Do Antioxidants Do in Skincare?

In one small study, skin treated with vitamins C and E showed less redness after UV light. Learn the different jobs antioxidants do, why the formula matters and how to read a claim.

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Three shallow pools of oil on a warm-white surface, with soft blue color diffusing through two of them.
Skin Science

What Does “Preservative-Free” Mean in Skincare?

A preservative-free product can still contain ingredients that keep microbes in check. Here's what the label tells you, why water matters and why oil formulas may still need antioxidants.

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Pale golden oil fading to clear on a warm white surface, representing oil-soluble vitamin C.
Skin Science

Oil-Soluble Vitamin C (THD) vs. L-Ascorbic Acid: Stability, Delivery, and Evidence

Vitamin C's reactivity is what makes it useful and what makes it hard to keep stable. Compare L-ascorbic acid and oil-soluble THD ascorbate on stability, delivery and results.

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